Debate on PTSD in Veterans Returning from War
An article in the NY Times (http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/opinion/26boudreau.html?_r=1) suggests veterans returning with a diagnosis of PTSD should receive a Purple Heart Medal. While I think its great that people are lobbying for the acknowledgement of the large number of vets returning with PTSD and their increased risk for suicide, I think its also misguided to suggest that these veterans are irreparably harmed in combat. They don’t completely understand PTSD and depression.
As a mental health professional that deals with suicidal individuals on a daily basis, I have a good idea about what leads to completed suicide as well as what can help a person avoid it. One of the main reasons I see for veteran suicides has to do with military culture. We see it in para-military cultures as well (such as police culture). This type of culture holds strong guidelines about protocol and procedures along with a belief that showing any type of weakness undermines your identity within the group. Therefore, these groups have a large amount of individuals who feel isolated when facing a personal dilemma or problem, especially one they see as a weakness (such as depression and PTSD). These individuals then avoid seeking assistance with their problem (#1 reason why they become isolate, lack of support, feeling of hopelessness, and eventual completed suicide because no one knew they had a problem and therefore couldn’t intervene). What they (military culture) need to teach is how these disorders are biological and not something you have control over or something that you can cause, but you can recover from with psychological work. Unfortunately, I don’t see this ever changing.
The military needs to make it mandatory for all vets to receive PTSD counseling following a tour of duty. Sometimes PTSD doesn’t even show itself until 6 months to a year following a traumatic event. We can also develop PTSD through vicarious trauma (listening to stories from fellow vets, seeing video) and the more someone identifies with the event the higher the incidence. This was seen following the terrorist attacks on 9-11, the Oklahoma City Bombing, and following the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion.
The best defenses against developing PTSD is seeking out discussions, and talking about the events in a supportive environment. However, avoiding the subject of the event itself further separates us from the event and when thoughts occur later on, we haven’t fully dealt with the emotions connected with it. Hence we begin to develop PTSD symptoms. Some people are at increased risk of developing PTSD. Those who have a history of trauma are at increased risk as well as those who undergo another trauma in the few years following their return (divorce, loss of a loved one etc).
We acknowledge that first responders undergo vicarious trauma in their daily jobs… but not many acknowledge police and soldiers do as well.
My question is How can one do the things the military requires of you and return to this life without PTSD, depression or severe anxiety problems? I think the military needs to identify that this work is inherently going to lead to psychological problems, but I don’t think they’ll ever do that!
As far as the purple heart medal, that should be reserved for vets who have been irreparably physically damaged during duty. Anything less undermines the reason for the medal. Those with PTSD can recover with lots of hard work with a good therapist who understands what they have gone through.